Electrostatic separation is an effective means of titanium grade 2 obtaining high-grade titanium concentrates. Electrostatic separation effect of coarse material is superior to fine grade material. Tests showed that re-election of an electric-election process of the transfer of coarse grade material containing Ti0> 28%, fine grade material containing Ti0> 32%. In a small experiment and expand the trials are successful, based on the March to June 1979 Research Institute processing plant re-election in an electrical workshop selected industrial test, process scale magnetic concentrator tailings 240 ~ 260t. The main equipment medical grade titanium used for the FLX -1 type 600 × 360mm, 6600 × 339mm spiral concentrator, 1200 × 720mm spiral chute and YD - 3A-type high-voltage election machines. In magnetic separation tailings containing TiO8 70%, C0O.016% condition was obtained containing Ti046 19%, 39.38% recovery of titanium concentrate; Containing C00 .24%, 5.89% sulfur recovery cobalt concentrate. Titanium plant construction to have provided reliable information.

After two years of technical research, the plant successfully titanium grade 2 developed a "full utilization of Panzhihua 74% grade titanium slag of molten salt chlorination fine titanium tetrachloride production of" advanced technology, becoming the first use of 74% grade titanium slag of molten salt chlorination fine titanium tetrachloride production enterprises, vanadium and titanium resources in Panxi provides a new path utilization.
It is reported that 74% of the whole Panzhihua grade titanium slag with low volume, high impurity content, the higher chlorine content in the exhaust, high production of waste salt, lye consumption is large, therefore, only as titanium dioxide feedstock, can not as titanium sponge production of raw materials. After nearly two years to carry out the production of chlorinated research, from April 1 this year, the plant optimization through the medical grade titanium adoption of technology, equipment upgrading, refining operations and other measures in the chlorination process, the smooth realization of the full 74% grade titanium Panzhihua production of refined molten slag chloride titanium tetrachloride major technological breakthrough, can reduce the cost per ton of titanium sponge 1329 yuan.

Production Technology Institute of the University of Tokyo in the medical grade titanium Valley Snow Yuki assistant with Professor Toru Okabe developed by recycling mixed with iron, oxygen, low-grade titanium scrap titanium production technology. In the smelting process of recycling, and scrap iron chloride for the reaction. Thus, the waste previously difficult to handle can be obtained by a combination of mutually valuable titanium.
Due to the presence of surface oxide titanium block after cutting, easily mixed with coolant and metal-cutting equipment and other issues, recycling more difficult. Therefore, the development of a low-grade titanium chloride reacted with the iron scrap, recycling processes titanium tetrachloride gas.
Titanium tetrachloride is reduced in the next process, thereby obtaining titanium. Ferric chloride is difficult to handle the waste generated during the smelting of titanium. Rational use of chlorinating agents can reduce costs, improve resource efficiency. All along, titanium scrap and iron chloride will react after the titanium surface covered with a layer titanium grade 5 of iron, titanium and ferric chloride lead to termination of the reaction. This time, to add magnesium chloride, samarium molten salt as a medium to make it happen with the titanium chlorination. Because of ferric chloride and titanium without the direct reaction, the reaction stops phenomenon and therefore does not appear.

The use of low-grade titanium scrap titanium achieve recycling

Production Technology Institute of the University of Tokyo in the medical grade titanium Valley Snow Yuki assistant with Professor Toru Okabe developed by recycling mixed with iron, oxygen, low-grade titanium scrap titanium production technology. In the smelting process of recycling, and scrap iron chloride for the reaction. Thus, the waste previously difficult to handle can be obtained by a combination of mutually valuable titanium.
Due to the presence of surface oxide titanium block after cutting, easily mixed with coolant and metal-cutting equipment and other issues, recycling more difficult. Therefore, the development of a low-grade titanium chloride reacted with the iron scrap, recycling processes titanium tetrachloride gas.
Titanium tetrachloride is reduced in the next process, thereby obtaining titanium. Ferric chloride is difficult to handle the waste generated during the smelting of titanium. Rational use of chlorinating agents can reduce costs, improve resource efficiency. medical grade titanium All along, titanium scrap and iron chloride will react after the titanium surface covered with a layer of iron, titanium and ferric chloride lead to termination of the reaction. This time, to add magnesium chloride, samarium molten salt as a medium to make it happen with the titanium chlorination. Because of ferric chloride and titanium without the direct reaction, the reaction stops phenomenon and therefore does not appear.

Recently, the Panzhihua Iron and Steel and Panzhihua Iron and titanium grade 4 Steel Institute research group Titanium Company titanium sponge plant together carry 74% grade titanium slag of molten salt chlorination industrial application test and achieved preliminary results, it can greatly reduce the cost of titanium sponge production of raw materials for titanium sponge plant the use of low-grade titanium slag molten titanium grade 3 chloride to provide a solid technical support.
It requires the use of molten salt chlorination more than 78% of grade chlorination slag. Panzhihua Iron and titanium slag production mainly in the 74 percent grade acid-soluble titanium slag-based. When Panzhihua ore smelting slag chloride 78%, due to the material characteristics, so that the difference between the smelting furnace conditions, high costs, compared with 74% slag. Group tracking the testing process, focusing on the influence of 74% grade titanium slag of molten chloride. Currently, 74% grade titanium slag of molten salt chlorination test successfully completed and achieved the expected results.

Pangang Titanium titanium sponge plant spread the good news, after two years of technical research, the plant successfully developed a "full utilization of Panzhihua 74% grade titanium slag of molten salt chlorination fine titanium tetrachloride production of" advanced technology, becoming the the first use of 74% grade titanium slag of molten salt chlorination fine titanium tetrachloride production enterprises, vanadium and titanium resources in Panxi provides a new titanium grade 5 path utilization.
It is reported that 74% of the whole Panzhihua grade titanium slag with low volume, high impurity content, the higher chlorine content in the exhaust, high production of waste salt, lye consumption is large, therefore, only as titanium dioxide feedstock, can not as titanium sponge production of raw materials. After nearly two years to carry out the production of chlorinated research, from April 1 this year, the plant optimization through the adoption of technology, equipment upgrading, refining operations and other measures in the chlorination process, the smooth realization of the full 74% grade titanium Panzhihua production of refined molten titanium grade 7 slag chloride titanium tetrachloride major technological breakthrough, can reduce the cost per ton of titanium sponge 1329 yuan.

Due to the presence of surface oxide titanium block after grade 5 titanium cutting, easily mixed with coolant and metal-cutting equipment and other issues, recycling more difficult. Therefore, the development of a low-grade titanium chloride reacted with the iron scrap, recycling processes titanium tetrachloride gas.
Titanium tetrachloride is reduced in the next process, thereby obtaining titanium. Ferric chloride is difficult to handle the waste generated during the smelting of titanium. Rational use of chlorinating agents can reduce costs, improve resource efficiency. All along, titanium scrap and iron chloride will react after the titanium surface covered with a layer of iron, titanium and ferric chloride lead to termination of the reaction. This time, to add magnesium titanium alloy bar chloride, samarium molten salt as a medium to make it happen with the titanium chlorination. Because of ferric chloride and titanium without the direct reaction, the reaction stops phenomenon and therefore does not appear. In the experiment, a titanium rod after 1100 ℃ treatment, one hour can take place completely vaporized.

Electrostatic separation is an effective means of titanium grade 2 obtaining high-grade titanium concentrates. Electrostatic separation effect of coarse material is superior to fine grade material. Tests showed that re-election of an electric-election process of the transfer of coarse grade material containing Ti0> 28%, fine grade material containing Ti0> 32%. In a small experiment and expand the trials are successful, based on the March to June 1979 Research Institute processing plant re-election in an electrical workshop selected industrial test, process scale magnetic concentrator tailings 240 ~ 260t. The main equipment medical grade titanium used for the FLX -1 type 600 × 360mm, 6600 × 339mm spiral concentrator, 1200 × 720mm spiral chute and YD - 3A-type high-voltage election machines. In magnetic separation tailings containing TiO8 70%, C0O.016% condition was obtained containing Ti046 19%, 39.38% recovery of titanium concentrate; Containing C00 .24%, 5.89% sulfur recovery cobalt concentrate. Titanium plant construction to have provided reliable information.

Discuss technical and efficacy of AO mini titanium metal plate and nail treatment metacarpal fracture. Methods: 21 patients with 22 metacarpal fracture, titanium bar supplier using a special AO mini titanium plate internal fixation nail treatment, Results: Patients were followed up for 3-6 months, fracture healing rate of 100%, hurt palm knuckles and interphalangeal joints flexion function returned to normal. Conclusion: For the rehabilitation of post-traumatic higher requirements metacarpal fracture, improve titanium alloy wire the traditional treatment techniques, the use of features of AO mini titanium plate and nail row solid internal fixation, combined with early postoperative functional exercise, obtained satisfactory therapeutic results; metacarpal fracture is an ideal treatment.

Characteristics of titanium and titanium alloys, use

Medical titanium plate Titanium is a silvery white metal, it has many excellent performance. The density of titanium is 4.54g / cm3, 43% lighter than steel, lighter than the prestigious magnesium slightly heavier. Grade 2 titanium the mechanical strength of steel but with similar, twice as big as aluminum, five times larger than magnesium. Titanium, high temperature, melting point 1942K, higher than gold near 1000K, higher than the steel near 500K.

Grade 1 titanium sheet belong to the chemical nature of lively titanium metal. It can be non-metallic effect with O2, N2, H2, S, and halogen heating. However, at room temperature, dense surface of the titanium oxide protective film easy to generate very thin layer, can resist even aqua regia acid role, exhibit strong corrosion resistance. Thus, the general metal becomes riddled with acid, alkali, salt solution and titanium are safe and sound.
Uses Titanium: titanium alloy has high strength and density and small, good mechanical properties, good toughness and corrosion resistance.

Classification of titanium and three matrix organization

Medical titanium plate is allotrope, a melting point of 1668 ℃, when less than 882 ℃ It showed a close-packed hexagonal lattice structure called α titanium; body-centered cubic lattice structure at 882 ℃ or more were called β titanium. The use of the different characteristics of the two titanium structure, add the appropriate alloying elements, so that the phase transition temperature and relative content of gradual change and get different organizations alloy (titanium alloys). At room temperature, medical grade titanium There are three basic body tissue, titanium will be divided into the following three categories: α alloy, (α + β) alloys and β alloys. Chinese, respectively TA, TC, TB represents.
α Titanium

Medical grade titanium alloy is a single-phase alloy consisting of α-phase solid solution, either at ambient temperatures or at higher temperatures the practical application, are the α-phase, organizational stability wear resistance higher than pure titanium, a strong antioxidant capacity. At a temperature of 500 ℃ ~ 600 ℃, and maintains its strength and creep resistance, but can not be heat strengthened, strength at room temperature is not high.
β titanium

It is a single-phase alloy consisting of β-phase solid solution,
Titanium alloy dagger
Titanium alloy dagger
That did not have a high intensity heat treatment, quenching and aging alloy has been further strengthened, the room temperature strength of up to 1372 ~ 1666 MPa; but poor thermal stability, and should not be used at high temperatures.

The history of the development and use of titanium

From the discovery of titanium element to obtain pure product, which lasted a hundred years. And titanium plates really get use to recognize the true face of its original, it is the 1940s after the thing.
Earth's surface ten kilometers thick formations, titaniferous of six thousandths, more than 61 times the copper content in the crust is ranked tenth (ranking elements in the crust: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, potassium, titanium), just a handful of dirt from the ground, which contains a few thousandths of titanium, the world's reserves of more than ten million tons of titanium is not rare.
Titanium easy and air react at high temperatures, but the melting point up to 1668 ℃. At room temperature, titanium afraid aqua regia and dilute nitric acid corrosion, but more than 5% sulfuric acid corrosion intolerance and 7% hydrochloric acid corrosion. (Medical titanium plate  are not afraid of the water at room temperature, it was once a piece of titanium sink to the bottom, take up five years later a look, sticky above many small animals and undersea plant, but he is not rusty, still shiny.
People began to use titanium to make submarines - titanium submarines. Because titanium is very strong and can withstand high pressure, this submarine can sail at a depth of 4500 meters in the d eep sea.

Cutting - like a punch in the desired shape punched out the hair department. Concentric shape of 
titanium, the maximum titanium grade 2 sheet cutting thickness of 3.2 mm, the maximum thickness of the irregular shape of the wool is 1.3 mm. 1.3 mm thick titanium plate below, filling the mold with the soil to create a tolerance of 0.1 mm; But for titanium wins 3.2 meters below, shall tolerances down to ± 0.025 mm. Warming will reduce the thickness of titanium cutting edge cracks. Die should titanium plate having rigidity, the upper and lower guide post to maintain the exact relative positions of the mold. When the material thickness increase, such a requirement is more urgent. Less rigid medical titanium process equipment will cause mold damage and cattle production sheet metal edge 

Material development of titanium

1 . Full titanium : Frame in addition to the screws and plastic gloves for outside , all metal parts made of titanium material .
2 . Nickel titanium package : Borders titanium material, grade 2 titanium wire  the surface material using a nickel package , and now this frame no longer exists.
3 . Assembled Titanium: Due to the high cost of production of nickel and titanium package to update the device , it is not updated before , assembled titanium frames as the situation , but this product is dangerous because each metal has a different melting point, literally Putting it together will be very fragile. Early nickel- titanium frame thin titanium sheet package passes flattened angle , it 's not like a factory original border distribution of production so mean , so after use , nickel, and titanium -coated layer that will break out and no way to weld repair , titanium also includes assembling such a situation .
4 . Nickel-plated titanium : In order to reduce costs, make it easier on the production, but also come up with a factory nickel plated titanium . So then processed using conventional welding techniques .

Medical grade titanium alloy Marine titanium welding process

In recent years, many new ships began extensive use of titanium alloy . With the increase in the amount of titanium alloy materials , shipyard welding to enhance efficiency , product quality and stability , the need to develop some efficient titanium welding process. TA5 two kinds of titanium Shanghai Jiangnan Shipbuilding in titanium grade 4 thickness of 4mm Ti70 and 16 mm for welding object, plasma arc welding , laser welding and laser - arc hybrid welding seamless titanium tube welding three high energy density of the process carried out explore, get the excellent performance of welded joints
A plasma arc weldingPlasma arc welding is the use of plasma arc welding method as a heat source . Gas heated by the arc generated from the solution , a nozzle at high speed compressed by water , and increasing the energy density of the solution from forming a plasma arc. Its stability , heat and temperature are higher than the arc , and thus has a greater penetration power and welding speed .

Titanium bars Performance and titanium alloys are widely used in industry

titanium grade 2 sheet because of its high strength, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, widely applied in industry . Especially in aviation, aerospace , shipbuilding and other industries , mostly used in the manufacture of titanium alloy key components , its performance is good or bad usually determines the level of the product . Therefore , national research institutions to put a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to carry out its melting alloys and equipment , forming process research and development , writing papers , and many thousands of monographs . However, the study of titanium melting process with little , limited studies have limited studied. Titanium because of its high melting point, titanium grade 4 chemical activity , thermal properties between the elements of the big difference , so the smelting process of melt composition and temperature control is very difficult, and the melt composition and temperature directly determine the quality of titanium . Therefore , to identify qualitative and quantitative variation of melt composition, temperature and process parameters , alloy itself between thermal parameters have important practical significance for guiding titanium melting , smelting practice for other alloys also have important reference value

Grade titanium

Grade titanium

Titanium alloy is Ti-based alloys by adding other elements.Titanium grade 1has a high strength and density and small, good mechanical properties, good toughness and corrosion resistance. In addition, poor process performance titanium gr 2 ,  machining difficulties in thermal processing, and very easy to absorb carbon hydrogen nitrogen and other impurities. There are poor abrasion resistance, complex production process. Titanium industrial production was started in 1948.

Several major properties of titanium

Several major properties of titanium

Titanium popular range is too wide-ranging, and in the shipbuilding industry, chemical industry, manufacturing machinery parts, telecommunications equipment, carbide, etc. have a wide range of applications, titanium is also widely used in the aerospace industry, with "Space Metal" of the said.

Titanium is a very reactive metal, which is very low equilibrium potential, thermodynamic corrosion tendency in the medium is large, but in fact many of the titanium in the medium is very stable, and this is because titanium has a great affinity for oxygen, in air or oxygen-containing medium, the titanium surface layer of dense, strong adhesion, large inert oxide film to protect the titanium substrate corrosion.titanium material heat resistance, long-term use at 600 ° C or higher temperatures, but also to maintain good ductility and toughness at low temperature -196-253 ° C, to avoid the metal cold brittleness, impedance can be strong , non-magnetic, good non-toxic, heat resistance, low elastic modulus, suction performance.

Titanium in medical treatment, can be used for artificial bones and various appliances, with this titanium material shaped pieces made of titanium and titanium have a stick, it is widely used.

Do you know what the titanium isoforms is not it? The answer should not know it, and that it titanium, titanium should know what is right.

Because titanium has excellent corrosion resistance, extend equipment life, reduce maintenance frequency equipment and piping, a fundamental solution to run, run, drip, leak and other issues, save energy, increase the effective production time. The use of titanium equipment and pipelines, can reduce the cost of equipment and piping materials, lower production costs. The use of titanium, although one-time investment is large, but the overall look is economical in the long run, the actual investment is only stainless steel titanium for sale about twice titanium products due to long service life, thus reducing the updated equipment and piping costs and frequent maintenance costs, in fact, save money and reduce costs.

Titanium solve corrosion problems due to equipment and piping to avoid corrosion of equipment and piping due to contamination of the brine and caustic soda.

Titanium heart stent

Titanium heart stent

What is titanium? What is titanium heart stents? Titanium can be used as cardiac stents it? Of course, that can be used titanium alloy heart stent, made of titanium with titanium material shaped pieces to be used in medicine, incomplete treatment of the human body to get the full. Titanium heart stents after repeated research and practice, is currently the most widely used titanium alloy stent-based alloy tube, the tube body is based on the different needs and "crafted" the global done until now titanium cardiac stenting has more than 10 million cases of.
titanium supply stent has a higher compression ratio, can be placed into a smaller delivery vessel, and after the opening deformation of the stent as a whole uniform, the force is relatively uniform, the stress can widely distributed, easily cause stress concentration, so that the stent fatigue performance enhancements, and have greater radial strength. Uniform stent cell structure makes the stent may stress when the stress distribution, and effective way to avoid stress concentration, which significantly reduced the maximum stress, the stent flexibility is much better. Good mechanical performance of the new stand, and the stress distribution is more uniform, achieve the purpose of optimizing the design.

Learn about the titanium rod knowledge

Learn about the titanium alloys rod knowledge

For titanium nickel rod is now not at all strange, understand its purpose, using the properties, know it in the medical industry, aerospace great achievement, a series of all the benefits it has brought us and give us help.
It has excellent strength with light, hardness, density, low mass, high temperature, low temperature resistance, good machining performance, excellent corrosion resistance, non-magnetic, non-toxic, good heat transfer performance, but also has memory, superconducting sex, hydrogen storage performance is outstanding. Titanium rod products are also widely used for: marine, aerospace, vacuum salt, automotive, medical and sports, textile and paper industry, power industry, metallurgical industry, chlor-alkali industry, fertilizer industry, the desalination industry, as well as the production life of the watch case computer case and it also has a spare parts production involves.
Titanium was found up to now is a hundred years of history, is that people really use there a long time, the use of titanium rod was also a very long time, it also brings in all industries to give a great help .

Overview Titanium

Overview Titanium

Titanium is a 1950s era unfolded layout of an important metal, titanium because of its high strength, good corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and high-level features are widely used in various fields. Many countries recognize the importance of titanium alloy materials, have their research and development, and has been the practice to use.
Titanium is a useful first 1954 US successfully developed Ti-6Al-4V alloy, because of its heat resistance, strength, ductility, resistance, formability, weldability, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility are better, and become the main industry in titanium alloy, 75% to 85% of this amount accounted for all titanium alloys for use. Many others can be seen as a modification of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
20th century, 50 to 60 times, first and foremost is to carry out high-temperature titanium aircraft engine and airframe layout of titanium, 70 age group declared an alloy corrosion, since age 80, corrosion resistant and high-strength titanium alloy has been further carried out. Temperature resistant titanium alloys using 50 times from 400 ℃ to 90 times the progress of 600 ~ 650 ℃. A2 (Ti3Al) and r (TiAl) based alloys exhibit, use titanium engine parts are driven by the engine cold side (fan and compressor) to the hot end of the engine (turbo) direction. Titanium layout to carry out high-strength, high plastic, high strength and high toughness, high modulus and high damage tolerance direction.
In addition, since the 20th century, 70 times, but also presents a Ti-Ni, Ti-Ni-Fe, Ti-Ni-Nb shape memory alloys, etc., and get increasingly widely used in engineering.
At present, the world has developed hundreds of titanium, the most famous of 20 to 30 kinds of alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-2Al-2.5Zr, Ti-32Mo, Ti-Mo-Ni, Ti-Pd, SP-700, Ti-6242, Ti-10-5-3, Ti-1023, BT9, BT20, IMI829, IMI834 etc. [2,4].
Titanium is a titanium for sale alloy for the foundation to participate in other elements. There are two isomeric titanium crystal: The following 882 ℃ for hcp titanium layout α, β titanium above 882 ℃ for the body-centered cubic.
Alloying elements on the basis of their impact on the phase transition temperature can be divided into three categories:
① stable α-phase, progressive phase transition temperature of the elements is α secure element, aluminum, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. During the primary alloying element aluminum is titanium, its alloys at room temperature the progress of high-temperature strength paper, reduce the proportion of added elastic modulus significant effect.
② stable β-phase, reducing the element of the phase transition temperature of β stable element, and can be divided isomorphic and eutectoid two.


The former has molybdenum, niobium, vanadium and the like; the latter are chromium, manganese, copper, iron, silicon and the like.
③ small element of the phase transition temperature is neutral elements, zirconium and tin.
Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen impurities is the primary titanium. Oxygen and nitrogen in the α phase has a greater solubility of titanium has significantly enhanced the role, but the plastic lower. General rules of oxygen and nitrogen content of titanium of 0.15 to 0.2%, respectively, and 0.04 to 0.05% or less. The solubility of hydrogen in α phase is very small, titanium dissolved in excess hydride hydrogen occurs, the alloy brittle. General titanium hydrogen content control in 0.015%. Hydrogen was dissolved in titanium is reversible, can be removed by vacuum annealing.

Application of titanium in civilian areas

Application of titanium in civilian areas

The use of titanium analysis
Titanium is the youngest of the new project of metal, the successful development of titanium from the sixties, through forty years of development
Titanium has been known only to a third metal iron, aluminum, and the reason is not only that it has a high specific strength, but also because it has
Exceptional corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties and comprehensive process performance;
The inception of the company in the production of precision parts titanium and titanium alloy materials and titanium responsibility, specializing in titanium and
Manufacturing process development of titanium standard parts, non-standard parts, special-shaped pieces; the main production of titanium alloy forgings, forged bars, a variety of titanium alloy
Gold hex, hex bolts, nuts, non-standard auto parts, flanges, pipe fittings, elbow etc;
Thanks to titanium feedstock titanium sponge production process improvements and advances in alloy melting and forging process, making
Titanium costs dropped significantly from the original military and aerospace industry gradually shifted general industrial applications, the most important
Is as corrosion resistant structural materials in the petrochemical industry, the soda industry, electrolytic plating industry, pharmaceutical industry, and environmental
Protection, medical devices are widely used;
In the chemical and related industries and corrosive media project, a large number of compromised machines and equipment corrosion; it is estimated that
There are several million tons per year worldwide due to corrosion of steel scrap, accounting for about one-tenth of the total production loss due to corrosion and can not be recovered, rot
Eclipse not only scrapped a lot of metal materials, but also causes pollution and hazards; due to corrosion, can cause an explosion,
Combustion, resulting in accidents caused by the disaster;
Modern society is generally based on corrosion-resistant stainless steel as the best material in manufacturing various types of production materials, with titanium technology
Mature and progress, the price has dropped significantly, showing a good price, titanium and stainless steel corrosion resistance comparison:
(1) stainless steel prone to corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in the oxide,
(2) has a tendency to intergranular corrosion in many media, weld and heat affected zone is particularly sensitive to intergranular corrosion,
Localized corrosion resistance of titanium, titanium and experiments show that stainless steel, aluminum, copper alloy, nickel alloy, compared with a superior
Resistance to localized corrosion:
(1) Good resistance to crevice corrosion;
(2) resistance to seawater and oxide pitting;
(3) corrosion resistance of welded joints, prone to intergranular corrosion of stainless steel;
(4) high corrosion fatigue strength, corrosion fatigue phenomenon is relatively rare titanium, titanium corrosion fatigue limit in seawater is equal
Or slightly higher than the fatigue limit in air;
(5) resistance to stress corrosion cracking of titanium in chemical plant, in general, do not stress corrosion cracking occurred, and stainless steel to stress
More sensitive to corrosion cracking;
(6) due to abrasion medical grade titanium alloy oxide surface protective film layer of dense, oxide film in a certain environment, as well as the rapid birth
Long and repair capacity, and thus the titanium is in the passive state of the environment, such as seawater, neutral hydrochloric acid solution, gasification has good acid
Anti-abrasion capability;
Corrosion resistance of titanium gr 2 can be further enhanced to improve, a new titanium now constantly synthesized successfully in some special
Special environment, according to the requirements of the various properties of synthetic titanium; such as: titanium-palladium alloy, titanium, molybdenum-nickel alloy ......
Titanium in seawater, ordinary water, wet chlorine chlorine, chlorine dioxide, nitric acid, chromic acid, acetic acid, ferric chloride, copper chloride, melting
Melting sulfur, chlorinated hydrocarbons, hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite, chlorine bleach, lactic acid, phthalic acid, urea, a variety of organic compounds, below
3% and less than 4% H2SO4 HCL has excellent corrosion resistance;
Hydrofluoric acid, fluosilicic acid, a fluorine-containing compound solution, the concentration of more than 3% HCL, more than 4% H2SO4, not inflated boiling formic acid,
Boiling concentrated aluminum chloride, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, dry chlorine, fuming nitric acid corrosion reducing these poor, so the need to synthesize titanium
Alloy to improve corrosion resistance, such as titanium palladium alloys, nickel-titanium-molybdenum alloys have a very stable performance in particular aspects of corrosion resistance.

Usefulness and characteristics of titanium rods

Usefulness and characteristics of titanium rods

Titanium rods with high strength and density and small, mechanical function is good, patience and good corrosion resistance capabilities. In addition, the difference in titanium alloy sheet technology functions, cutting hard, thermal processing, and is very simple to absorb carbon hydrogen nitrogen and other impurities. There are poor abrasion resistance, production process messy. Titanium industrial production beginning in 1948. Aviation industry needs to carry out, the titanium industry with about 8% of the average annual growth rate of conduct. The current international titanium alloy production reached 40,000 tons, nearly 30 kinds of titanium trademark. Is the most widely used titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (TC4), Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (TA7) and commercially pure titanium (TA1, TA2 and TA3). Titanium is mainly used for the production of aircraft engine compressor components, followed by rockets, missiles and high-speed aircraft structural parts. The mid-1960s, medical titanium alloy and its alloys have been in the industry generally use electrodes for electrolysis industry production, power plant condensers, oil essence and desalination heater and environmental pollution control equipment. Titanium and its alloys have become a corrosion layout information. Also used in the production of hydrogen storage materials and shape memory alloys. Titanium is the aerospace industry in the use of an important new layout data, the proportion between the aluminum and steel strength and use temperature between, but high strength and excellent corrosion resistance to sea water features and ultra-low temperature capabilities. The amount of titanium in the aviation engines typically accounts for 20% to 30% of the total weight of the layout, is mainly used for the production of compressor components, such as casting titanium fan, compressor disk and blades, cast titanium compressor casing, intermediate casing, bearing housing and so on. The primary use of titanium spacecraft high specific strength, corrosion resistance and low temperature capabilities to produce a variety of pressure vessels, fuel tanks, fasteners, instrument straps, architecture and rocket casing. Sputnik, the lunar module, manned spacecraft and space shuttle are also using titanium plates welded.

Titanium rods, titanium rods

Titanium rods, titanium rods

Titanium is a metallic element, Gray, 22, relative atomic mass atomic number 47.87. Can burn under nitrogen, high melting point. Blunt titanium and titanium-based alloy is a new structural materials, mainly for the aerospace industry and the maritime industry.
Titanium: nickel based alloy definition: adding an appropriate amount of titanium-based alloy other alloying elements. Excellent corrosion resistance to seawater.
Titanium is an important structural metal in the 1950s developed, titanium because of its high strength, corrosion resistance, and high heat resistance and are widely used in various fields. Many countries recognize the importance of titanium alloy materials, have their research and development, and has been applied. Titanium is the first practical American in 1954 successfully developed Ti-6Al-4V alloy, because of its heat resistance, strength, ductility, toughness, formability, weldability, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility are better, and become the ace of titanium alloy industry, which accounts for the use of an alloy of 75% to 85% of all titanium bar alloys. Many others can be seen as a modification of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V alloy. 1950s and 1960s, mainly in the developing high temperature titanium and titanium alloy airframe aviation engine, the 1970s developed a number of corrosion resistant alloys, since the 1980s, corrosion resistant and high-strength titanium alloy has been further development of. Temperature resistant titanium alloys 400 ℃ from the 1950s up to the 1990s 600 ~ 650 ℃. Appear A2 (Ti3Al) and r (TiAl) based alloys, titanium engine parts being propelled by the use of the cold side of the engine (fan and compressor) to the hot end of the engine (turbo) direction. Titanium alloy development to high-strength, high plastic, high strength and high toughness, high modulus and high damage tolerance direction.

In what industry specific applications of titanium?

In what industry specific applications of titanium?

Titanium is used on ships promising. This is related to the strength of titanium, toughness relationship, there is corrosion in seawater Titanium is extremely stable, basically that the hull is not corrosive, both to reduce maintenance costs, but also can reduce the hull the weight of the ship is a great advantage in terms of ah. In addition, there is necessary to mention two things: first titanium is non-magnetic, magnetic probe against a great help, as to what the magnetic mines, ah, not worth the worry. Second, with advanced composite coating ships have a natural integration of stealth composite materials used in the future will have a disadvantage that ships with the previous use of high-strength special steel reacts readily produce electricity because of the potential difference in seawater even, accelerate corrosion, this kind of thing has been tried in the 052, will not be long rust-stained, but these coatings can be seamlessly integrated with titanium.
(2) the use of the defense industry in other countries titanium
The world has been retired, or are serving in the research of weapons and equipment, many have used the structure of titanium and its alloys, with the transformation of modern warfare mode, rapid mobility requirements of modern military capabilities are very prominent, so for the Army it must rely on the ability to achieve rapid transport mobility, which requires the Army had heavy equipment in weight as much as possible, for example, now want their countries to be able to quickly and effectively artillery quickly transferred to another place, to the strategic or tactical the purpose of this is bound to titanium in the field artillery promising a bright, like the American M777 lightweight howitzer, the use of a titanium shell, combat weight dropped to 3.175 tons, you can use the C130 V22 or air to reach rapid mobility capacity. There are similar British UFH ultralight 155 mm artillery, less than four tons of weight which uses one ton of titanium alloy. In the field of air and naval equipment is even more so, following a brief introduction to the typical examples of the successful application of titanium:
① titanium aircraft data
Today's global economy has gradually bottomed out, the international aviation industry began to resume growth, international titanium industry, along with the tide ushered in a new period of rapid growth, Chinese enterprises will usher in new opportunities.
In recent years, is starting the replacement of the fourth-generation fighter, which many years later, every year there will be many new fighters into the army. The new fighter in the selection is very particular and forward over the next many years, the military and aerospace industries must be the first major user of titanium.
Mold also recently announced a new concept submarine carrying "cormorant" unmanned attack aircraft. "Cormorant" UAV length of 5.8 meters and a wingspan of 4.86 meters, unmanned fighter aircraft belonging to repeated use. "Cormorant" by the famous Lockheed - Martin's Skunk Works design of the concept, because of its access to the channel is mainly water, so the whole machine is made of titanium alloy to prevent corrosion of the produce, the total take-off weight of not more than four tons, can carry 453 kilograms of payload, consider using methods mainly from the strategic missile launch tube Ohio-class submarine, is mainly used to destroy targets near the coast. The machine is located in the nose air intake parts, triangular in shape. As a result of titanium alloy, high strength of its body can withstand the pressure of 150 feet depth. And in order to prevent the occurrence of buckling under external pressure, internal body of unnecessary space will be filled using a special plastic intake. In order to increase flight concealment, its appearance also uses sophisticated stealth design. "Cormorant" maximum flight speed is expected to reach 880 km / h cruising speed of 550 km / h, the highest altitude 10.7 km, combat radius of up to 926 kilometers, sustainable flight three hours.
Titanium application ② Navy's
Titanium Naval above application is very extensive, the main application of power that the Soviet / Russian submarines.
"Akula" class (Akula) attack submarines: "Akula" class using the drop-type, double-shell, there is a layer of titanium alloy. Soviet famous "malachite" submarine design bureau design, Komsomolsk shipyard in Severodvinsk shipyard and manufacturing
"Sierra" class attack submarines: Russian "Sierra" (Sierra) level (also known as S-class) multi-purpose attack submarines. Can be said that the Russian nuclear submarine complex family is the most mysterious one. Mainly because the "Sierra" class boats with titanium double hull, it's big dive deep, high-speed, high firepower and good stealth performance is impressive. But the cost is very expensive, nicknamed "Goldfish", built only four. (See below)
And titanium wires in the culmination of a submarine, I still think we should grant Typhoon class: the Soviet Union built a total of six "Typhoon" class submarines, "Typhoon" was one of the first one. "Typhoon" class is unique in that: independent navigation and combat systems it a complete set of torpedoes, missiles, power devices; double shell structure, reserve buoyancy of about 32% between the two housing has more than 3 meters spacing, and enhance the ability of the explosion and crash under water. Typhoon-class vessels each with about 9000 tons of titanium, equivalent to the sum of the current year of production of titanium! Seen how huge Soviet-era military spending on the
Soviet / Russian nuclear submarine with a titanium shell as well as the Alpha level, etc., but do not have a certain climate, no longer narrative. In addition to using titanium submarines on the case, is that the use of the submarine pipes and condenser, condenser and now almost all of submarines and surface vessels are made of titanium on to do, it can be said in submarines and ships within the life, under normal circumstances do not replace the titanium condenser, one can save on maintenance costs, and second, because the problem is not the fault of the condenser to reduce attendance.
Because of material prices and production, in other countries there are few reports of the use of submarines situation titanium housing.
Performance of titanium and its alloys questioned, various metallurgical processes for titanium is also very big country conventional stuff, but consider the cost issue. With economic development, on the special requirements of national defense also has the ability to ensure that the, so that thin titanium sheet and its alloys in future civilian and military areas will usher in rapid development. While titanium and its alloys will also greatly enhance the performance of some special equipment.

Titanium advantages and disadvantages

Titanium advantages and disadvantages

In 1947, people began smelting of titanium in the factory. That year, the production of only two tons. 1955 annual production soared to 20,000 tons. In 1972, the annual output reached 20 million tons. The hardness of titanium and steel similar, and almost half of the steel weight of the same volume of it, although slightly heavier than aluminum titanium that its hardness is 2 times greater than aluminum. Now, in the space rockets and missiles, on a range of titanium instead of steel. According to statistics, currently the world's titanium year for astronautics, and has reached more than 1,000 tons. Fine titanium powder, good or rocket fuel, so the universe known as titanium metal, space metal.

Good heat resistance of titanium, the melting point up to 1725 ℃. At room temperature, titanium can be safe to lay a variety of acid and alkali solution. Even the most ferocious acid - aqua regia, nor corrode it. Titanium is not afraid of the sea, it was once a piece of titanium sink to the bottom, five years later to take up a look, stick above the seabed many small animals and plants, but he is not rusty, still shiny.

Now, people began to use titanium to make submarines - titanium submarines. Because titanium is very strong, can withstand high pressure, such submarines can sail at a depth of 4500 m in the deep sea.

Corrosion resistance of titanium, so the chemical industry often use it. In the past, chemical reactors are installed with hot nitric acid components are made of stainless steel. Stainless steel is also afraid that a strong corrosive - hot nitric acid, every six months, all such components must be replaced. Now, with titanium to produce these components, although the cost of more expensive than stainless steel parts, but it can be continuously used for five years, but computationally much more advantageous.

In electrochemistry, the titanium metal is one-way valve, the potential is very negative, often can not be decomposed using titanium as the anode.

The biggest drawback is difficult to extract titanium. Mainly because of the titanium compound at a high temperature capability, with oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and many other elements combined. Therefore, whether in smelting or casting, people are careful to prevent these elements "invasion" Titanium. In the smelting of titanium, when air and water, of course, is strictly prohibited close, and even common metallurgical alumina crucible also prohibits the use, since titanium will seize oxygen from the alumina inside. Now, it is the use of magnesium and titanium tetrachloride in an inert gas - phase separation of helium or argon, to extract titanium.

People use titanium compounds at high temperatures characteristic of strong ability in steel when nitrogen is easily dissolved in water, steel, when steel ingot cooling when the ingot to form a bubble, affecting the quality of the steel. So Riga into the molten steel workers to titanium, making it the nitrification into a slag - titanium nitride, floating on the molten steel surface, so that the ingot is more pure.

When the supersonic aircraft, its wings can reach temperatures of 500 ℃. Such as heat-resistant aluminum alloy with a relatively wings, one to twenty-three Baidu will be too much, but there must be a light, and tough, and high temperature resistant materials to replace aluminum titanium alloy wire B just to meet these requirements. Titanium can withstand more than a hundred degrees below zero test, in which a low temperature, titanium still has good toughness and not brittle.

The use of titanium and zirconium to absorb powerful air force, air can be removed, creating a vacuum. For example, the use of a vacuum pump made of titanium, you can put the air pumped only 1,000 million million.

Titanium oxide - titanium dioxide is a white powder, is the best white pigment, commonly known as titanium dioxide. Previously, people mining titanium ore, the main purpose is to obtain titanium dioxide. Strong adhesion of titanium dioxide, a chemical change is not easy, is always white. Titanium especially valuable is non-toxic. Its high melting point, is used to make fire-resistant glass, glaze, enamel, clay, utensils and other high-temperature experiments.

Titanium dioxide is the most white stuff, 1 g of titanium tubing dioxide can be more than 450 cm2 area painted white. It is more than a common white pigment - lithopone 5 times whiter, and therefore is the best modulation white paint pigment. Used as a pigment titanium dioxide in the world, more than a year to tens of tons. Titanium dioxide can be added in the paper where the paper white and opaque, the effect is 10 times larger than any other substance, therefore, banknote paper and art paper would add titanium dioxide. In addition, in order to lighten the color of the plastic, so shiny and soft rayon, and sometimes also added titanium dioxide. In the rubber industry, titanium dioxide is also used as a filler of white rubber.

Titanium tetrachloride is an interesting kind of liquid, it has a pungent smell of shares, in the wet air will be big white smoke - it is hydrolyzed into white titania hydrogel. In the military, people will take advantage of titanium tetrachloride which shares a strange temper, as a man-made aerosols. Especially in the ocean, water vapor and more a place of titanium tetrachloride, a white smoke as the Great Wall, blocking the enemy's line of sight. In agriculture, the use of titanium tetrafluoride people to frost.

Barium titanate crystal has the characteristic that: when it is subject to pressure and change shape, will produce electricity, a power will change shape. Thus, people put on the ultrasonic barium titanate, which compression will produce a current, it generates a current by the magnitude of the strength of ultrasonic waves can detect. Conversely, a high frequency current through it, it can generate ultrasonic waves. Now, almost all of the ultrasonic instrument, to be used in barium titanate. In addition, there are many uses barium titanate. For example: railway workers put it beneath the tracks, the train is measured by time pressure; doctors use it to make the pulse recorder. Barium titanate do with underwater detectors, underwater eye is sharp, it is not only able to see the fish, but also you can see the reefs, icebergs and enemy submarines under the water and so on.