Several major properties of titanium

Several major properties of titanium

Titanium popular range is too wide-ranging, and in the shipbuilding industry, chemical industry, manufacturing machinery parts, telecommunications equipment, carbide, etc. have a wide range of applications, titanium is also widely used in the aerospace industry, with "Space Metal" of the said.

Titanium is a very reactive metal, which is very low equilibrium potential, thermodynamic corrosion tendency in the medium is large, but in fact many of the titanium in the medium is very stable, and this is because titanium has a great affinity for oxygen, in air or oxygen-containing medium, the titanium surface layer of dense, strong adhesion, large inert oxide film to protect the titanium substrate corrosion.titanium material heat resistance, long-term use at 600 ° C or higher temperatures, but also to maintain good ductility and toughness at low temperature -196-253 ° C, to avoid the metal cold brittleness, impedance can be strong , non-magnetic, good non-toxic, heat resistance, low elastic modulus, suction performance.

Titanium in medical treatment, can be used for artificial bones and various appliances, with this titanium material shaped pieces made of titanium and titanium have a stick, it is widely used.

Do you know what the titanium isoforms is not it? The answer should not know it, and that it titanium, titanium should know what is right.

Because titanium has excellent corrosion resistance, extend equipment life, reduce maintenance frequency equipment and piping, a fundamental solution to run, run, drip, leak and other issues, save energy, increase the effective production time. The use of titanium equipment and pipelines, can reduce the cost of equipment and piping materials, lower production costs. The use of titanium, although one-time investment is large, but the overall look is economical in the long run, the actual investment is only stainless steel titanium for sale about twice titanium products due to long service life, thus reducing the updated equipment and piping costs and frequent maintenance costs, in fact, save money and reduce costs.

Titanium solve corrosion problems due to equipment and piping to avoid corrosion of equipment and piping due to contamination of the brine and caustic soda.

Titanium heart stent

Titanium heart stent

What is titanium? What is titanium heart stents? Titanium can be used as cardiac stents it? Of course, that can be used titanium alloy heart stent, made of titanium with titanium material shaped pieces to be used in medicine, incomplete treatment of the human body to get the full. Titanium heart stents after repeated research and practice, is currently the most widely used titanium alloy stent-based alloy tube, the tube body is based on the different needs and "crafted" the global done until now titanium cardiac stenting has more than 10 million cases of.
titanium supply stent has a higher compression ratio, can be placed into a smaller delivery vessel, and after the opening deformation of the stent as a whole uniform, the force is relatively uniform, the stress can widely distributed, easily cause stress concentration, so that the stent fatigue performance enhancements, and have greater radial strength. Uniform stent cell structure makes the stent may stress when the stress distribution, and effective way to avoid stress concentration, which significantly reduced the maximum stress, the stent flexibility is much better. Good mechanical performance of the new stand, and the stress distribution is more uniform, achieve the purpose of optimizing the design.

Learn about the titanium rod knowledge

Learn about the titanium alloys rod knowledge

For titanium nickel rod is now not at all strange, understand its purpose, using the properties, know it in the medical industry, aerospace great achievement, a series of all the benefits it has brought us and give us help.
It has excellent strength with light, hardness, density, low mass, high temperature, low temperature resistance, good machining performance, excellent corrosion resistance, non-magnetic, non-toxic, good heat transfer performance, but also has memory, superconducting sex, hydrogen storage performance is outstanding. Titanium rod products are also widely used for: marine, aerospace, vacuum salt, automotive, medical and sports, textile and paper industry, power industry, metallurgical industry, chlor-alkali industry, fertilizer industry, the desalination industry, as well as the production life of the watch case computer case and it also has a spare parts production involves.
Titanium was found up to now is a hundred years of history, is that people really use there a long time, the use of titanium rod was also a very long time, it also brings in all industries to give a great help .

Overview Titanium

Overview Titanium

Titanium is a 1950s era unfolded layout of an important metal, titanium because of its high strength, good corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and high-level features are widely used in various fields. Many countries recognize the importance of titanium alloy materials, have their research and development, and has been the practice to use.
Titanium is a useful first 1954 US successfully developed Ti-6Al-4V alloy, because of its heat resistance, strength, ductility, resistance, formability, weldability, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility are better, and become the main industry in titanium alloy, 75% to 85% of this amount accounted for all titanium alloys for use. Many others can be seen as a modification of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
20th century, 50 to 60 times, first and foremost is to carry out high-temperature titanium aircraft engine and airframe layout of titanium, 70 age group declared an alloy corrosion, since age 80, corrosion resistant and high-strength titanium alloy has been further carried out. Temperature resistant titanium alloys using 50 times from 400 ℃ to 90 times the progress of 600 ~ 650 ℃. A2 (Ti3Al) and r (TiAl) based alloys exhibit, use titanium engine parts are driven by the engine cold side (fan and compressor) to the hot end of the engine (turbo) direction. Titanium layout to carry out high-strength, high plastic, high strength and high toughness, high modulus and high damage tolerance direction.
In addition, since the 20th century, 70 times, but also presents a Ti-Ni, Ti-Ni-Fe, Ti-Ni-Nb shape memory alloys, etc., and get increasingly widely used in engineering.
At present, the world has developed hundreds of titanium, the most famous of 20 to 30 kinds of alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-2Al-2.5Zr, Ti-32Mo, Ti-Mo-Ni, Ti-Pd, SP-700, Ti-6242, Ti-10-5-3, Ti-1023, BT9, BT20, IMI829, IMI834 etc. [2,4].
Titanium is a titanium for sale alloy for the foundation to participate in other elements. There are two isomeric titanium crystal: The following 882 ℃ for hcp titanium layout α, β titanium above 882 ℃ for the body-centered cubic.
Alloying elements on the basis of their impact on the phase transition temperature can be divided into three categories:
① stable α-phase, progressive phase transition temperature of the elements is α secure element, aluminum, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. During the primary alloying element aluminum is titanium, its alloys at room temperature the progress of high-temperature strength paper, reduce the proportion of added elastic modulus significant effect.
② stable β-phase, reducing the element of the phase transition temperature of β stable element, and can be divided isomorphic and eutectoid two.


The former has molybdenum, niobium, vanadium and the like; the latter are chromium, manganese, copper, iron, silicon and the like.
③ small element of the phase transition temperature is neutral elements, zirconium and tin.
Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen impurities is the primary titanium. Oxygen and nitrogen in the α phase has a greater solubility of titanium has significantly enhanced the role, but the plastic lower. General rules of oxygen and nitrogen content of titanium of 0.15 to 0.2%, respectively, and 0.04 to 0.05% or less. The solubility of hydrogen in α phase is very small, titanium dissolved in excess hydride hydrogen occurs, the alloy brittle. General titanium hydrogen content control in 0.015%. Hydrogen was dissolved in titanium is reversible, can be removed by vacuum annealing.

Application of titanium in civilian areas

Application of titanium in civilian areas

The use of titanium analysis
Titanium is the youngest of the new project of metal, the successful development of titanium from the sixties, through forty years of development
Titanium has been known only to a third metal iron, aluminum, and the reason is not only that it has a high specific strength, but also because it has
Exceptional corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties and comprehensive process performance;
The inception of the company in the production of precision parts titanium and titanium alloy materials and titanium responsibility, specializing in titanium and
Manufacturing process development of titanium standard parts, non-standard parts, special-shaped pieces; the main production of titanium alloy forgings, forged bars, a variety of titanium alloy
Gold hex, hex bolts, nuts, non-standard auto parts, flanges, pipe fittings, elbow etc;
Thanks to titanium feedstock titanium sponge production process improvements and advances in alloy melting and forging process, making
Titanium costs dropped significantly from the original military and aerospace industry gradually shifted general industrial applications, the most important
Is as corrosion resistant structural materials in the petrochemical industry, the soda industry, electrolytic plating industry, pharmaceutical industry, and environmental
Protection, medical devices are widely used;
In the chemical and related industries and corrosive media project, a large number of compromised machines and equipment corrosion; it is estimated that
There are several million tons per year worldwide due to corrosion of steel scrap, accounting for about one-tenth of the total production loss due to corrosion and can not be recovered, rot
Eclipse not only scrapped a lot of metal materials, but also causes pollution and hazards; due to corrosion, can cause an explosion,
Combustion, resulting in accidents caused by the disaster;
Modern society is generally based on corrosion-resistant stainless steel as the best material in manufacturing various types of production materials, with titanium technology
Mature and progress, the price has dropped significantly, showing a good price, titanium and stainless steel corrosion resistance comparison:
(1) stainless steel prone to corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in the oxide,
(2) has a tendency to intergranular corrosion in many media, weld and heat affected zone is particularly sensitive to intergranular corrosion,
Localized corrosion resistance of titanium, titanium and experiments show that stainless steel, aluminum, copper alloy, nickel alloy, compared with a superior
Resistance to localized corrosion:
(1) Good resistance to crevice corrosion;
(2) resistance to seawater and oxide pitting;
(3) corrosion resistance of welded joints, prone to intergranular corrosion of stainless steel;
(4) high corrosion fatigue strength, corrosion fatigue phenomenon is relatively rare titanium, titanium corrosion fatigue limit in seawater is equal
Or slightly higher than the fatigue limit in air;
(5) resistance to stress corrosion cracking of titanium in chemical plant, in general, do not stress corrosion cracking occurred, and stainless steel to stress
More sensitive to corrosion cracking;
(6) due to abrasion medical grade titanium alloy oxide surface protective film layer of dense, oxide film in a certain environment, as well as the rapid birth
Long and repair capacity, and thus the titanium is in the passive state of the environment, such as seawater, neutral hydrochloric acid solution, gasification has good acid
Anti-abrasion capability;
Corrosion resistance of titanium gr 2 can be further enhanced to improve, a new titanium now constantly synthesized successfully in some special
Special environment, according to the requirements of the various properties of synthetic titanium; such as: titanium-palladium alloy, titanium, molybdenum-nickel alloy ......
Titanium in seawater, ordinary water, wet chlorine chlorine, chlorine dioxide, nitric acid, chromic acid, acetic acid, ferric chloride, copper chloride, melting
Melting sulfur, chlorinated hydrocarbons, hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite, chlorine bleach, lactic acid, phthalic acid, urea, a variety of organic compounds, below
3% and less than 4% H2SO4 HCL has excellent corrosion resistance;
Hydrofluoric acid, fluosilicic acid, a fluorine-containing compound solution, the concentration of more than 3% HCL, more than 4% H2SO4, not inflated boiling formic acid,
Boiling concentrated aluminum chloride, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, dry chlorine, fuming nitric acid corrosion reducing these poor, so the need to synthesize titanium
Alloy to improve corrosion resistance, such as titanium palladium alloys, nickel-titanium-molybdenum alloys have a very stable performance in particular aspects of corrosion resistance.

Usefulness and characteristics of titanium rods

Usefulness and characteristics of titanium rods

Titanium rods with high strength and density and small, mechanical function is good, patience and good corrosion resistance capabilities. In addition, the difference in titanium alloy sheet technology functions, cutting hard, thermal processing, and is very simple to absorb carbon hydrogen nitrogen and other impurities. There are poor abrasion resistance, production process messy. Titanium industrial production beginning in 1948. Aviation industry needs to carry out, the titanium industry with about 8% of the average annual growth rate of conduct. The current international titanium alloy production reached 40,000 tons, nearly 30 kinds of titanium trademark. Is the most widely used titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (TC4), Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (TA7) and commercially pure titanium (TA1, TA2 and TA3). Titanium is mainly used for the production of aircraft engine compressor components, followed by rockets, missiles and high-speed aircraft structural parts. The mid-1960s, medical titanium alloy and its alloys have been in the industry generally use electrodes for electrolysis industry production, power plant condensers, oil essence and desalination heater and environmental pollution control equipment. Titanium and its alloys have become a corrosion layout information. Also used in the production of hydrogen storage materials and shape memory alloys. Titanium is the aerospace industry in the use of an important new layout data, the proportion between the aluminum and steel strength and use temperature between, but high strength and excellent corrosion resistance to sea water features and ultra-low temperature capabilities. The amount of titanium in the aviation engines typically accounts for 20% to 30% of the total weight of the layout, is mainly used for the production of compressor components, such as casting titanium fan, compressor disk and blades, cast titanium compressor casing, intermediate casing, bearing housing and so on. The primary use of titanium spacecraft high specific strength, corrosion resistance and low temperature capabilities to produce a variety of pressure vessels, fuel tanks, fasteners, instrument straps, architecture and rocket casing. Sputnik, the lunar module, manned spacecraft and space shuttle are also using titanium plates welded.

Titanium rods, titanium rods

Titanium rods, titanium rods

Titanium is a metallic element, Gray, 22, relative atomic mass atomic number 47.87. Can burn under nitrogen, high melting point. Blunt titanium and titanium-based alloy is a new structural materials, mainly for the aerospace industry and the maritime industry.
Titanium: nickel based alloy definition: adding an appropriate amount of titanium-based alloy other alloying elements. Excellent corrosion resistance to seawater.
Titanium is an important structural metal in the 1950s developed, titanium because of its high strength, corrosion resistance, and high heat resistance and are widely used in various fields. Many countries recognize the importance of titanium alloy materials, have their research and development, and has been applied. Titanium is the first practical American in 1954 successfully developed Ti-6Al-4V alloy, because of its heat resistance, strength, ductility, toughness, formability, weldability, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility are better, and become the ace of titanium alloy industry, which accounts for the use of an alloy of 75% to 85% of all titanium bar alloys. Many others can be seen as a modification of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V alloy. 1950s and 1960s, mainly in the developing high temperature titanium and titanium alloy airframe aviation engine, the 1970s developed a number of corrosion resistant alloys, since the 1980s, corrosion resistant and high-strength titanium alloy has been further development of. Temperature resistant titanium alloys 400 ℃ from the 1950s up to the 1990s 600 ~ 650 ℃. Appear A2 (Ti3Al) and r (TiAl) based alloys, titanium engine parts being propelled by the use of the cold side of the engine (fan and compressor) to the hot end of the engine (turbo) direction. Titanium alloy development to high-strength, high plastic, high strength and high toughness, high modulus and high damage tolerance direction.

In what industry specific applications of titanium?

In what industry specific applications of titanium?

Titanium is used on ships promising. This is related to the strength of titanium, toughness relationship, there is corrosion in seawater Titanium is extremely stable, basically that the hull is not corrosive, both to reduce maintenance costs, but also can reduce the hull the weight of the ship is a great advantage in terms of ah. In addition, there is necessary to mention two things: first titanium is non-magnetic, magnetic probe against a great help, as to what the magnetic mines, ah, not worth the worry. Second, with advanced composite coating ships have a natural integration of stealth composite materials used in the future will have a disadvantage that ships with the previous use of high-strength special steel reacts readily produce electricity because of the potential difference in seawater even, accelerate corrosion, this kind of thing has been tried in the 052, will not be long rust-stained, but these coatings can be seamlessly integrated with titanium.
(2) the use of the defense industry in other countries titanium
The world has been retired, or are serving in the research of weapons and equipment, many have used the structure of titanium and its alloys, with the transformation of modern warfare mode, rapid mobility requirements of modern military capabilities are very prominent, so for the Army it must rely on the ability to achieve rapid transport mobility, which requires the Army had heavy equipment in weight as much as possible, for example, now want their countries to be able to quickly and effectively artillery quickly transferred to another place, to the strategic or tactical the purpose of this is bound to titanium in the field artillery promising a bright, like the American M777 lightweight howitzer, the use of a titanium shell, combat weight dropped to 3.175 tons, you can use the C130 V22 or air to reach rapid mobility capacity. There are similar British UFH ultralight 155 mm artillery, less than four tons of weight which uses one ton of titanium alloy. In the field of air and naval equipment is even more so, following a brief introduction to the typical examples of the successful application of titanium:
① titanium aircraft data
Today's global economy has gradually bottomed out, the international aviation industry began to resume growth, international titanium industry, along with the tide ushered in a new period of rapid growth, Chinese enterprises will usher in new opportunities.
In recent years, is starting the replacement of the fourth-generation fighter, which many years later, every year there will be many new fighters into the army. The new fighter in the selection is very particular and forward over the next many years, the military and aerospace industries must be the first major user of titanium.
Mold also recently announced a new concept submarine carrying "cormorant" unmanned attack aircraft. "Cormorant" UAV length of 5.8 meters and a wingspan of 4.86 meters, unmanned fighter aircraft belonging to repeated use. "Cormorant" by the famous Lockheed - Martin's Skunk Works design of the concept, because of its access to the channel is mainly water, so the whole machine is made of titanium alloy to prevent corrosion of the produce, the total take-off weight of not more than four tons, can carry 453 kilograms of payload, consider using methods mainly from the strategic missile launch tube Ohio-class submarine, is mainly used to destroy targets near the coast. The machine is located in the nose air intake parts, triangular in shape. As a result of titanium alloy, high strength of its body can withstand the pressure of 150 feet depth. And in order to prevent the occurrence of buckling under external pressure, internal body of unnecessary space will be filled using a special plastic intake. In order to increase flight concealment, its appearance also uses sophisticated stealth design. "Cormorant" maximum flight speed is expected to reach 880 km / h cruising speed of 550 km / h, the highest altitude 10.7 km, combat radius of up to 926 kilometers, sustainable flight three hours.
Titanium application ② Navy's
Titanium Naval above application is very extensive, the main application of power that the Soviet / Russian submarines.
"Akula" class (Akula) attack submarines: "Akula" class using the drop-type, double-shell, there is a layer of titanium alloy. Soviet famous "malachite" submarine design bureau design, Komsomolsk shipyard in Severodvinsk shipyard and manufacturing
"Sierra" class attack submarines: Russian "Sierra" (Sierra) level (also known as S-class) multi-purpose attack submarines. Can be said that the Russian nuclear submarine complex family is the most mysterious one. Mainly because the "Sierra" class boats with titanium double hull, it's big dive deep, high-speed, high firepower and good stealth performance is impressive. But the cost is very expensive, nicknamed "Goldfish", built only four. (See below)
And titanium wires in the culmination of a submarine, I still think we should grant Typhoon class: the Soviet Union built a total of six "Typhoon" class submarines, "Typhoon" was one of the first one. "Typhoon" class is unique in that: independent navigation and combat systems it a complete set of torpedoes, missiles, power devices; double shell structure, reserve buoyancy of about 32% between the two housing has more than 3 meters spacing, and enhance the ability of the explosion and crash under water. Typhoon-class vessels each with about 9000 tons of titanium, equivalent to the sum of the current year of production of titanium! Seen how huge Soviet-era military spending on the
Soviet / Russian nuclear submarine with a titanium shell as well as the Alpha level, etc., but do not have a certain climate, no longer narrative. In addition to using titanium submarines on the case, is that the use of the submarine pipes and condenser, condenser and now almost all of submarines and surface vessels are made of titanium on to do, it can be said in submarines and ships within the life, under normal circumstances do not replace the titanium condenser, one can save on maintenance costs, and second, because the problem is not the fault of the condenser to reduce attendance.
Because of material prices and production, in other countries there are few reports of the use of submarines situation titanium housing.
Performance of titanium and its alloys questioned, various metallurgical processes for titanium is also very big country conventional stuff, but consider the cost issue. With economic development, on the special requirements of national defense also has the ability to ensure that the, so that thin titanium sheet and its alloys in future civilian and military areas will usher in rapid development. While titanium and its alloys will also greatly enhance the performance of some special equipment.

Titanium advantages and disadvantages

Titanium advantages and disadvantages

In 1947, people began smelting of titanium in the factory. That year, the production of only two tons. 1955 annual production soared to 20,000 tons. In 1972, the annual output reached 20 million tons. The hardness of titanium and steel similar, and almost half of the steel weight of the same volume of it, although slightly heavier than aluminum titanium that its hardness is 2 times greater than aluminum. Now, in the space rockets and missiles, on a range of titanium instead of steel. According to statistics, currently the world's titanium year for astronautics, and has reached more than 1,000 tons. Fine titanium powder, good or rocket fuel, so the universe known as titanium metal, space metal.

Good heat resistance of titanium, the melting point up to 1725 ℃. At room temperature, titanium can be safe to lay a variety of acid and alkali solution. Even the most ferocious acid - aqua regia, nor corrode it. Titanium is not afraid of the sea, it was once a piece of titanium sink to the bottom, five years later to take up a look, stick above the seabed many small animals and plants, but he is not rusty, still shiny.

Now, people began to use titanium to make submarines - titanium submarines. Because titanium is very strong, can withstand high pressure, such submarines can sail at a depth of 4500 m in the deep sea.

Corrosion resistance of titanium, so the chemical industry often use it. In the past, chemical reactors are installed with hot nitric acid components are made of stainless steel. Stainless steel is also afraid that a strong corrosive - hot nitric acid, every six months, all such components must be replaced. Now, with titanium to produce these components, although the cost of more expensive than stainless steel parts, but it can be continuously used for five years, but computationally much more advantageous.

In electrochemistry, the titanium metal is one-way valve, the potential is very negative, often can not be decomposed using titanium as the anode.

The biggest drawback is difficult to extract titanium. Mainly because of the titanium compound at a high temperature capability, with oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and many other elements combined. Therefore, whether in smelting or casting, people are careful to prevent these elements "invasion" Titanium. In the smelting of titanium, when air and water, of course, is strictly prohibited close, and even common metallurgical alumina crucible also prohibits the use, since titanium will seize oxygen from the alumina inside. Now, it is the use of magnesium and titanium tetrachloride in an inert gas - phase separation of helium or argon, to extract titanium.

People use titanium compounds at high temperatures characteristic of strong ability in steel when nitrogen is easily dissolved in water, steel, when steel ingot cooling when the ingot to form a bubble, affecting the quality of the steel. So Riga into the molten steel workers to titanium, making it the nitrification into a slag - titanium nitride, floating on the molten steel surface, so that the ingot is more pure.

When the supersonic aircraft, its wings can reach temperatures of 500 ℃. Such as heat-resistant aluminum alloy with a relatively wings, one to twenty-three Baidu will be too much, but there must be a light, and tough, and high temperature resistant materials to replace aluminum titanium alloy wire B just to meet these requirements. Titanium can withstand more than a hundred degrees below zero test, in which a low temperature, titanium still has good toughness and not brittle.

The use of titanium and zirconium to absorb powerful air force, air can be removed, creating a vacuum. For example, the use of a vacuum pump made of titanium, you can put the air pumped only 1,000 million million.

Titanium oxide - titanium dioxide is a white powder, is the best white pigment, commonly known as titanium dioxide. Previously, people mining titanium ore, the main purpose is to obtain titanium dioxide. Strong adhesion of titanium dioxide, a chemical change is not easy, is always white. Titanium especially valuable is non-toxic. Its high melting point, is used to make fire-resistant glass, glaze, enamel, clay, utensils and other high-temperature experiments.

Titanium dioxide is the most white stuff, 1 g of titanium tubing dioxide can be more than 450 cm2 area painted white. It is more than a common white pigment - lithopone 5 times whiter, and therefore is the best modulation white paint pigment. Used as a pigment titanium dioxide in the world, more than a year to tens of tons. Titanium dioxide can be added in the paper where the paper white and opaque, the effect is 10 times larger than any other substance, therefore, banknote paper and art paper would add titanium dioxide. In addition, in order to lighten the color of the plastic, so shiny and soft rayon, and sometimes also added titanium dioxide. In the rubber industry, titanium dioxide is also used as a filler of white rubber.

Titanium tetrachloride is an interesting kind of liquid, it has a pungent smell of shares, in the wet air will be big white smoke - it is hydrolyzed into white titania hydrogel. In the military, people will take advantage of titanium tetrachloride which shares a strange temper, as a man-made aerosols. Especially in the ocean, water vapor and more a place of titanium tetrachloride, a white smoke as the Great Wall, blocking the enemy's line of sight. In agriculture, the use of titanium tetrafluoride people to frost.

Barium titanate crystal has the characteristic that: when it is subject to pressure and change shape, will produce electricity, a power will change shape. Thus, people put on the ultrasonic barium titanate, which compression will produce a current, it generates a current by the magnitude of the strength of ultrasonic waves can detect. Conversely, a high frequency current through it, it can generate ultrasonic waves. Now, almost all of the ultrasonic instrument, to be used in barium titanate. In addition, there are many uses barium titanate. For example: railway workers put it beneath the tracks, the train is measured by time pressure; doctors use it to make the pulse recorder. Barium titanate do with underwater detectors, underwater eye is sharp, it is not only able to see the fish, but also you can see the reefs, icebergs and enemy submarines under the water and so on.