Titanium advantages and disadvantages

Titanium advantages and disadvantages

In 1947, people began smelting of titanium in the factory. That year, the production of only two tons. 1955 annual production soared to 20,000 tons. In 1972, the annual output reached 20 million tons. The hardness of titanium and steel similar, and almost half of the steel weight of the same volume of it, although slightly heavier than aluminum titanium that its hardness is 2 times greater than aluminum. Now, in the space rockets and missiles, on a range of titanium instead of steel. According to statistics, currently the world's titanium year for astronautics, and has reached more than 1,000 tons. Fine titanium powder, good or rocket fuel, so the universe known as titanium metal, space metal.

Good heat resistance of titanium, the melting point up to 1725 ℃. At room temperature, titanium can be safe to lay a variety of acid and alkali solution. Even the most ferocious acid - aqua regia, nor corrode it. Titanium is not afraid of the sea, it was once a piece of titanium sink to the bottom, five years later to take up a look, stick above the seabed many small animals and plants, but he is not rusty, still shiny.

Now, people began to use titanium to make submarines - titanium submarines. Because titanium is very strong, can withstand high pressure, such submarines can sail at a depth of 4500 m in the deep sea.

Corrosion resistance of titanium, so the chemical industry often use it. In the past, chemical reactors are installed with hot nitric acid components are made of stainless steel. Stainless steel is also afraid that a strong corrosive - hot nitric acid, every six months, all such components must be replaced. Now, with titanium to produce these components, although the cost of more expensive than stainless steel parts, but it can be continuously used for five years, but computationally much more advantageous.

In electrochemistry, the titanium metal is one-way valve, the potential is very negative, often can not be decomposed using titanium as the anode.

The biggest drawback is difficult to extract titanium. Mainly because of the titanium compound at a high temperature capability, with oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and many other elements combined. Therefore, whether in smelting or casting, people are careful to prevent these elements "invasion" Titanium. In the smelting of titanium, when air and water, of course, is strictly prohibited close, and even common metallurgical alumina crucible also prohibits the use, since titanium will seize oxygen from the alumina inside. Now, it is the use of magnesium and titanium tetrachloride in an inert gas - phase separation of helium or argon, to extract titanium.

People use titanium compounds at high temperatures characteristic of strong ability in steel when nitrogen is easily dissolved in water, steel, when steel ingot cooling when the ingot to form a bubble, affecting the quality of the steel. So Riga into the molten steel workers to titanium, making it the nitrification into a slag - titanium nitride, floating on the molten steel surface, so that the ingot is more pure.

When the supersonic aircraft, its wings can reach temperatures of 500 ℃. Such as heat-resistant aluminum alloy with a relatively wings, one to twenty-three Baidu will be too much, but there must be a light, and tough, and high temperature resistant materials to replace aluminum titanium alloy wire B just to meet these requirements. Titanium can withstand more than a hundred degrees below zero test, in which a low temperature, titanium still has good toughness and not brittle.

The use of titanium and zirconium to absorb powerful air force, air can be removed, creating a vacuum. For example, the use of a vacuum pump made of titanium, you can put the air pumped only 1,000 million million.

Titanium oxide - titanium dioxide is a white powder, is the best white pigment, commonly known as titanium dioxide. Previously, people mining titanium ore, the main purpose is to obtain titanium dioxide. Strong adhesion of titanium dioxide, a chemical change is not easy, is always white. Titanium especially valuable is non-toxic. Its high melting point, is used to make fire-resistant glass, glaze, enamel, clay, utensils and other high-temperature experiments.

Titanium dioxide is the most white stuff, 1 g of titanium tubing dioxide can be more than 450 cm2 area painted white. It is more than a common white pigment - lithopone 5 times whiter, and therefore is the best modulation white paint pigment. Used as a pigment titanium dioxide in the world, more than a year to tens of tons. Titanium dioxide can be added in the paper where the paper white and opaque, the effect is 10 times larger than any other substance, therefore, banknote paper and art paper would add titanium dioxide. In addition, in order to lighten the color of the plastic, so shiny and soft rayon, and sometimes also added titanium dioxide. In the rubber industry, titanium dioxide is also used as a filler of white rubber.

Titanium tetrachloride is an interesting kind of liquid, it has a pungent smell of shares, in the wet air will be big white smoke - it is hydrolyzed into white titania hydrogel. In the military, people will take advantage of titanium tetrachloride which shares a strange temper, as a man-made aerosols. Especially in the ocean, water vapor and more a place of titanium tetrachloride, a white smoke as the Great Wall, blocking the enemy's line of sight. In agriculture, the use of titanium tetrafluoride people to frost.

Barium titanate crystal has the characteristic that: when it is subject to pressure and change shape, will produce electricity, a power will change shape. Thus, people put on the ultrasonic barium titanate, which compression will produce a current, it generates a current by the magnitude of the strength of ultrasonic waves can detect. Conversely, a high frequency current through it, it can generate ultrasonic waves. Now, almost all of the ultrasonic instrument, to be used in barium titanate. In addition, there are many uses barium titanate. For example: railway workers put it beneath the tracks, the train is measured by time pressure; doctors use it to make the pulse recorder. Barium titanate do with underwater detectors, underwater eye is sharp, it is not only able to see the fish, but also you can see the reefs, icebergs and enemy submarines under the water and so on.